So,let's to talk about a subject that most people get confused a lot. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) isn't only the death of the brain. It's usually from a violent blow,jolt to the head or body,brain injury,shattered piece of skull,also they can be traumatic brain injury. If this trauma affect your brain cells temporaly it's call "Mild traumatic". More-serious traumatic brain injury can result in torn tissue,bleeding and other physical damage to the brain,theses injuries can result in long term complications or death.
Those symptoms can also be wide-ranging physical and psychological effects. Some signs or symptoms may appear immediately aften the traumatic event or appear days or until weeks later. The signs and symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury may include three types:
-PHSYCAL SYMPTOMS
Headache
Nausea or vomiting
Fatigue or drowsiness
Problems with speech
Dizziness or loss of balance
-SENSORY SYMPTOMS
Sensory problems, such as blurred vision, ringing in the ears, a bad taste in the mouth or changes in the ability to smell
Sensitivity to light or sound
-COGNITIVE, BEHAVIORAL OR MENTAL SYMPTOMS
Loss of consciousness for a few seconds to a few minutes
No loss of consciousness, but a state of being dazed, confused or disoriented
Memory or concentration problems
Mood changes or mood swings
Feeling depressed or anxious
Difficulty sleeping
Sleeping more than usual
Moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries can include any of the signs and symptoms of mild injury, as well as these symptoms that may appear within the first hours to days after a head injury:
-PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
Loss of consciousness from several minutes to hours
Persistent headache or headache that worsens
Repeated vomiting or nausea
Convulsions or seizures
Dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes
Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears
Inability to awaken from sleep
Weakness or numbness in fingers and toes
Loss of coordination
-COGNITIVE OR MENTAL SYMPTOMS
Profound confusion
Agitation, combativeness or other unusual behavior
Slurred speech
Coma and other disorders of consciousness
Infants and young children with brain injuries might not be able to communicate headaches, sensory problems, confusion and similar symptoms. In a child with traumatic brain injury, you may observe:
Change in eating or nursing habits
Unusual or easy irritability
Persistent crying and inability to be consoled
Change in ability to pay attention
Change in sleep habits
Seizures
Sad or depressed mood
Drowsiness
Loss of interest in favorite toys or activities
The terms "mild," "moderate" and "severe" are used to describe the effect of the injury on brain function. A mild injury to the brain is still a serious injury that requires prompt attention and an accurate diagnosis.
The people most at risk of traumatic brain injury include:
Children, especially newborns to 4-year-olds
Young adults, especially those between ages 15 and 24
Adults age 60 and older
Males in any age group
Several complications can occur immediately or soon after a traumatic brain injury. Severe injuries increase the risk of a greater number of and more-severe complications.Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury can result in prolonged or permanent changes in a person's state of consciousness, awareness or responsiveness. Different states of consciousness include:
Coma. A person in a coma is unconscious, unaware of anything and unable to respond to any stimulus. This results from widespread damage to all parts of the brain. After a few days to a few weeks, a person may emerge from a coma or enter a vegetative state.
Vegetative state. Widespread damage to the brain can result in a vegetative state. Although the person is unaware of surroundings, he or she may open his or her eyes, make sounds, respond to reflexes, or move. It's possible that a vegetative state can become permanent, but often individuals progress to a minimally conscious state.
Brain death. When there is no measurable activity in the brain and the brainstem, this is called brain death. In a person who has been declared brain dead, removal of breathing devices will result in cessation of breathing and eventual heart failure. Brain death is considered irreversible.
The Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program
Rehabilitation of the patient with a brain injury begins during the acute treatment phase. As the patient's condition improves, a more extensive rehabilitation program is often begun. The success of rehabilitation depends on many variables.It is important to focus on maximizing the patient's capabilities at home and in the community. Positive reinforcement helps recovery by improving self-esteem and promoting independence.The goal of brain injury rehabilitation is to help the patient return to the highest level of function and independence possible, while improving the overall quality of life— physically, emotionally, and socially.Areas covered in brain injury rehabilitation programs may include:
Self-care skills, including activities of daily living (ADLs): feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, toileting, and sexual functioning
Physical care: nutritional needs, medicines, and skin care
Mobility skills: walking, transfers, and self-propelling a wheelchair
Communication skills: speech, writing, and alternative methods of communication
Cognitive skills: speech, writing, and alternative methods of communication
Socialization skills: interacting with others at home and within the community
Vocational training: work-related skills
Pain management: medicines and alternative methods of managing pain
Psychological testing and counseling: identifying problems and solutions with thinking, behavioral, and emotional issues
Family support: assistance with adapting to lifestyle changes, financial concerns, and discharge planning
Education: patient and family education and training about brain injury, safety issues, home care needs, and adaptive techniques.
References:
-Johns Hopkins Medicine
-Cleveland Clinic medical professional
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